LIBOR, kana yakambonyanya kukosha nhamba mumisika yemari, ichanyangarika kubva munhoroondo mushure meJune 2023 uye haichazoshandiswa kukwereta mitengo.

Kutanga muna 2022, zvikwereti zvakawanda zvevakweretesi zvinogadziriswa zvakasungirirwa kune index - iyo SOFR.

Iyo SOFR inobata sei mitengo yechikwereti inoyangarara?Sei iyo SOFR ichifanira kushandiswa panzvimbo yeLIBOR?

Muchinyorwa chino tichatsanangura kuti chii chaizvo chiri SOFR uye ndedzipi nzvimbo dzinonyanya kunetsa kana uchiverenga inogadzirika mubereko.

 

Zvikwereti zveMortgage zvinogadziriswa (ARM)

Tichifunga nezvemhindu yakakwira iripo, vanhu vazhinji vari kusarudza zvikwereti zvinochinjika, zvinonziwo maARM (Adjustable-Rate Mortgages).

Izwi rekuti "inochinjika" rinoreva kuti mubereko unochinja mumakore ekubhadharwa kwechikwereti: Mari yakatarwa inobvumiranwa kwemakore mashoma ekutanga, nepo mubereko wemakore asara uchigadziriswa nguva nenguva (kazhinji mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. kana gore).

Semuyenzaniso, 5/1 ARM inoreva kuti mubereko wakatemerwa makore mashanu ekutanga ekubhadhara uye shanduko gore rega rega mushure maizvozvo.

Munguva yekuyangarara kwechikamu, zvisinei, chiyero chemubereko chinogadziriswa zvakare (makepisi), semuenzaniso 5/1 ARM inowanzoteverwa nenhamba-matatu nhamba 2/1/5.

·Iyo 2 inoreva chivharo chekutanga chekugadzirisa kufarira (yekutanga kugadzirisa chivharo).Kana mubereko wako wekutanga wemakore mashanu ekutanga uri 6%, chivharo mugore rechitanhatu hachigone kudarika 6% + 2% = 8%.

·Iyo 1 inoreva chivharo chega chega chemubereko chinogadziriswa kunze kwekutanga (chivharo chezvigadziriso zvinotevera), kureva huwandu hwe1% kune yega yega chiyero chemubereko chinotanga mugore rechinomwe.

·Iyo 5 inoreva muganho wepamusoro wekugadzirisa mubereko mukati menguva yese yechikwereti (hupenyu hwekugadzirisa chivharo), kureva kuti mubereko haungapfuure 6% + 5% = 11% kwemakore makumi matatu.

Nekuti kuverenga kweARM kwakaoma, vanokwereta vasingazive maARM vanowanzo wira mugomba!Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti vanokwereta vanzwisise maverengero ekusiyana kwemhindu yemari.

 

Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzeSOFR dzinonyanya kunetseka kana uchiverenga mwero wekuyerera?

Kune 5/1 ARM, mubereko wakatemerwa wemakore mashanu ekutanga unonzi mubairo wekutanga, uye mubereko unotanga mugore rechitanhatu ndiwo wakanyatsotarwa mubereko, unoverengerwa neindex + margin, uko muchero uripo. yakatarwa uye indekisi inowanzova yemazuva makumi matatu avhareji SOFR.

Iine muganho we3% uye ikozvino 30-mazuva avhareji SOFR ndeye 4.06%, mubereko wegore rechitanhatu ungave 7.06%.

Chii chaizvo ichi SOFR index?Ngatitangei nekuti zvikwereti zvinogadziriswa zvinouya sei.

MuLondon mumakore ekuma1960, apo inflation yakanga ichikwira, hapana mabhanga aida kuita zvikwereti zvenguva refu pamitengo yakatarwa nokuti vakanga vari pakati pekukwira kweinflation uye pakanga pane ngozi yakakura yekukwira kune zvikwereti.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, mabhangi akagadzira zvikwereti zvinogadziriswa (ARMs).

Pazuva rega rega rekugadzirisa patsva, nhengo dzesangano rega rega dzinounganidza mari yadzo yekukwereta sereferensi yemutengo wekugadzirisa patsva, kugadzirisa mubereko unochajwa kuratidza mutengo wemari.

Uye chinongedzo cheiyi reset rate iLIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate), iyo yaunowanzonzwa nezvayo - index iyo yakadzokororwa yadzokororwa munguva yakapfuura kana uchiverenga inogadzirika mhindu.

Kusvika 2008, panguva yedambudziko remari, mamwe mabhanga akange asingadi kutora mareti epamusoro ekukweretesa kuvhara dambudziko ravo remari.

Izvi zvakafumura kusasimba kukuru kweLIBOR: LIBOR yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekusava nechikonzero chekutengeserana uye kushandiswa nyore nyore.Kubva ipapo, kudiwa kwekukwereta pakati pemabhanga kwakaderera zvakanyanya.

Mukupindura njodzi yekutsakatika kweLIBOR, Federal Reserve yakaumba Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) muna 2014 kuti iwane mwero mutsva wekutsiva LIBOR.

Mushure memakore matatu ebasa, ARRC yakasarudza zviri pamutemo Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) seyero yekutsiva muna Chikumi 2017.

Nekuti iyo SOFR yakavakirwa pachiyero chehusiku mumusika weTreasury-backed repo, panenge pasina njodzi yechikwereti;uye inoverengerwa uchishandisa mutengo wekutengesa, zvichiita kuti kunyengedza kuve kwakaoma;uyezve, iyo SOFR ndiyo inonyanya kutengeswa mhando mumusika wemari, iyo inogona kunyatso ratidza mwero wemari yemubereko mumusika wemari.

Naizvozvo, kutanga muna 2022, iyo SOFR ichashandiswa seyero yemitengo yakawanda inoyangarara-reti zvikwereti.

 

Ndeapi mabhenefiti einogadziriswa chiyero chemortgage chikwereti?

Iyo Federal Reserve parizvino iri mudanho rekukwira uye 30-year fixed mortgage rates iri pamazinga akakwirira.

Nekudaro, kana inflation yadzikira zvakanyanya, iyo Federal Reserve ichapinda mubereko yekudzikisa mubereko uye mari dzemondi dzinodzokera kune zvakajairika.

Kana mubereko wemusika ukadzikira mune ramangwana, vanokwereta vanogona kudzikisa mari yekubhadhara zvinobudirira uye kubatsirwa kubva kune yakaderera mubereko pasina kudzoreredza nekusarudza chiyero chinogadziriswa chikwereti.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvikwereti zvinogadzirisika zvakare zvine mubereko wakaderera panguva yekuzvipira pane zvimwe zvikwereti zvenguva yakatarwa uye mubhadharo wepamwedzi wakaderera.

Saka mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo, chikwereti chechikwereti chinoshanduka chingava sarudzo yakanaka.